Analyzing 3.8 million blood immune cells from 1,828 people aged 19 to 97, researchers found that immune aging is not gradual: it shows bursts of change around age 40 and after 60, with different patterns in women and men.
A study published Oct. 28, 2026, in Nature mapped 3.5 million blood immune cells from 1,042 people to show how DNA variants change which genes can be switched on in each cell type, helping explain genetic risk for many diseases.
An umbrella review of twenty-one reviews found that exercise may produce small reductions in the inflammation markers TNF-alpha and CRP in older adults and people with chronic disease, while effects on IL-6 were inconsistent; certainty was very low.